Competition over resources
In the environmentally constrained but more populous world that can be expected over the course of this century, there will be greater scarcity of three key resources: food, water and energy. Demand for all three resources is already beyond that which can be sustained at current levels. Once population growth and the effects of climate change are factored in, it is clear that greater competition for such resources should be expected, both within and between countries, potentially leading in extreme cases to conflict.
Trans-boundary collaboration over the issue of shared water is critical since water is scarce in most areas. Today, the Himalayan region is facing severe water stresses. To overcome the challenge, there is a need to promote Himalayan Sub-Regional cooperation to ensure water security and a climate of peace and progress. 
In November 2009, Saferworld, the Conservation Development Centre, and the International Institute for Sustainable Development launched a new report on climate change and conflict in Kenya. "The theoretical case for the connections between climate change and conflict has been well articulated, but we're still learning how this relationship manifests itself in practice," said Ivan Campbell, Senior Advisor on Conflict and Security at Saferworld. "This study tests that theory against realities on the ground in Kenya - and then makes practical and targeted recommendations in response to the actual policy context".
In March 2008, the Supreme Allied Commander Transformation called for NATO to consider "that different views of future worlds will strengthen our endeavor to develop a more rigorous and holistic appreciation for future security challenges and implications for the Alliance."
The Climate Change and The Military (CCTM) Project, based on the co-operation of a group of leading think tanks, "will orchestrate a strong message from the security sector to the December 2009 climate change negotiations taking place at COP 15 in Copenhagen" according to Tom Spencer, the CCTM Project Coordinator (pictured left).